ABSTRACT
Background First degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetic (T2D) are predisposed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which accelerates cardiovascular aging. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) gives non-invasive measurement of central hemodynamics like central blood pressure (cBP), cardiac output (CO), stroke work (SW) and vascular stiffness like pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index at heart rate 75 (AIx@75). Objective To study PWA derived cardiovascular parameters in FDRs of T2D as compared to controls. Materials and methods We enrolled 117 FDRs of T2D and 117 matched controls for a cross-sectional study. We performed PWA using Mobil-o-Graph (IEM, Germany) by oscillometric method to derive cardiovascular parameters which were compared and correlated for significance. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Gender, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity were comparable between groups. FDRs of T2D had significantly higher blood pressure (brachial-systolic 125 vs 118, diastolic 80 vs 77, mean 100 vs 96 mmHg and central- systolic 113 vs 105, diastolic 82 vs 79, pulse pressure 31 vs 28 mmHg), SW (98 vs 90 g m/bt), rate pressure product (RPP- 113 vs 107), PWV (5.14 vs 4.89 m/s), AIx@75 (30 vs 27) than control. Dependant variables correlated with brachial BP more than age or anthropometric variables. Result did not differ by maternal or paternal inheritance in case group. Conclusions Young, sedentary, non-obese FDRs of T2D have adverse cardiovascular profile which is suggested to worsen before or with onset of T2DM and definitely need attention for life style modification as primary prevention.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hypertension represents a multifactorial disease of blood pressure (BP) regulation with persistently elevated systolic and/or diastolic BP over 140/90mmHg. 90% cases of hypertension have to be assigned as essential hypertension. Research has proven that patients with essential hypertension, especially at an early stage without any medication, display autonomic disturbance in the form of increase in sympathetic and a reduction in parasympathetic activity of the ANS. The heart rate variability analysis is a powerful tool in assessment of the cardiac autonomic nerve function. It is non-invasive, an accurate, reliable, reproducible, yet simple to measure and to process and It is indicative of neuro-cardiac fitness and overall health. Objective – The aim of the present study was to (1) measure Heart rate variability (HRV) in Essential Hypertension (2) effect of different drugs on Heart rate variability in hypertension among hypertensive subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted On 100 Hypertension subjects & 100 Normal subjects after obtaining informed written consent by use of Heart rate variability Analysis System Variowin-HR Medical System. Results: The mean values of Very low frequency (VLF), Low frequency (LF), High frequency (HF), Normalized High Frequency (HF (nu) & all time domain parameters were found to be reduced significantly in hypertensive subjects as compared to control subjects. The mean values of LF (nu), LF / HF ratio were significantly high in hypertensive subjects as compared to control subjects. Conclusion: observations in our study demonstrate that hypertensive subjects had markedly reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in comparison with normal subjects which indicate cardiac autonomic disturbances in hypertension subjects in causation of essential hypertension.
ABSTRACT
Background: In today’s era of technology, intelligence and success are not viewed the same way they were before. New theories of intelligence have been introduced and are gradually replacing the traditional theory. Academic achievement is based on creativity, emotions, and interpersonal skills. Methods: The aim of this study was to see whether there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and academic success. Study was done on 1st MBBS students of Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar. The sample size was 75 students (boys and girls). The emotional intelligence questionnaire from Institute for Health and Human Potential was given to the students, Depending on the EQ score we divided the students in to five groups and compared with their academic performance. Results: Study showed inverse relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Conclusion: There is a negative relation among emotional intelligence and academic achievement of the participants.
ABSTRACT
Background: VO2MAX is the sole major criterion for endurance assessment. By using the regression equation the necessity of the sophisticated gas analyzer is eliminated. The usability and applicability of such equations are questioned due to non-uniformity, standardization and other variables. Methods: 100 healthy young male subjects were recruited and each performed all the four selected treadmill protocol viz. Bruce, Modified Bruce, Ellestad and Balke. VO2MAX was calculated for each person for each protocol by using regression equation. Results: Mean and SD values of VO2MAX of each protocol were, Balke (41.94 ± 2.15), Bruce (64.55 ± 6.7), Ellestad (61.17 ± 7.5), Modified Bruce (64.36 ± 5.4). There was difference among different protocols (p<0.05), except between Bruce and Modified Bruce (p>0.05). These were compared with ACSM predicted equation based on age and height (51.5+7.4). Later Paired t-test was applied. There is no statistically significant difference between the Bruce and Modified Bruce protocols. Highest difference was observed between the Balke and Bruce protocol and between Balke and Modified Bruce, as was the difference between Balke and Ellestad protocol. Conclusion: For endurance testing Ellestad protocol can be a suitable option in resource crunch settings as the Balke protocol underestimates and Bruce overestimates the VO2MAX. Devising a ramp protocol for the population subset’s need can be the best option.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes is an iceberg disease with many complications like cardiovascular disease & diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is least recognized & most frequent complication. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with fatal outcome like silent myocardial ischemia & intra-operative liability. With this background we have evaluated the cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients using resting blood pressure measurement & isometric hand grip test. Aim:Aim of the study is to analyze the role of handgrip test of & resting blood pressure in diagnosing Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy. Materials And Methods: A Present cross sectional study was carried out in 50 diabetic patients & 50 controls(age and sex matched) at Sir T. Hospital Bhavnagar. Each subject was evaluated for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy by isometric hand grip test & resting blood pressure.Diabetic patients were divided in 3 groups according to duration of disease(groupI-< 5 year, II-6 to 10 year, III- > 10 year) to evaluate the impact of duration of disease on autonomic nervous system.We have used student’s T test for comparisons of result between 2 groups. Result:The mean value of resting systolic blood pressure(RSBP) & resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP)is comparatively higher in diabetic patients compared to controls &the mean value of BP is increasing with duration of diabetes. Isometric hand grip test failure rate was higher in diabetic group than controls. Conclusion: outcome of the study indicates that cardiac autonomic neuropathy is seen in diabetic patients which progresses with duration. Implication of study: isometric hand grip test & resting BP measurement is effective diagnostic tool for cardiac autonomic neuropathy & it also show association with duration of disease.
ABSTRACT
Present study was carried out on 50 textile workers (34 males and 16 females) of Kumbharwada, Bhavnagar. All were exposed to high intensity industrial noise in plastic weaving Textile industry. Other causes of Hearing loss apart from Occupational Noise Induced Hearing Loss (ONIHL) were ruled out. Detailed occupational history and complaints related to hearing were inquired. Each subject was evaluated by Pure Tone Audiometry. Hearing thresholds at speech frequencies and high frequency were tested in silent room after 16 hours from termination to last exposure. The result was compared by statistical analysis that revealed more hearing loss at high frequency as compared to speech frequencies. The magnitude and degree of hearing loss seemed to increase with duration of exposure.